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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Type of early telephone}}
[[File:Western Electric deskstand-Candlestick-telephone-w-subset-kbrose-2022-11-22.jpg|thumb|A [[Western Electric]] desk stand telephone of the 1920s and 30s.]]
The '''candlestick telephone''' (or pole telephone) is a style of [[telephone]] that was common from the late 1890s to the 1940s. A candlestick telephone is also often referred to as a ''' desk stand''', an '''upright''', or a ''' stick phone'''. Candlestick telephones featured a mouthpiece (transmitter) mounted at the top of the stand, and a receiver (earphone) that was held by the user to the ear during a call. When the telephone was not in use, the receiver rested in the fork of the switch hook protruding to the side of the stand, thereby disconnecting the audio circuit from the telephone network.
==Design and features==
Candlestick telephones were designed with varying features. Most recognizable, candlesticks featured a base with a vertical cylindrical neck extending upright for up to {{convert|10|in|cm|abbr=out|0}} in length. At the top of the stand was mounted a [[carbon microphone]] (''transmitter'') to speak into, and a switch hook extending sideways upon which an earpiece (''receiver'') was hung. To make or answer a telephone call, the user lifted the receiver off the switch hook, activating an internal switch connecting the telephone to the telephone line. Candlestick telephones required the nearby installation of a subscriber set (''subset'', [[ringer box]]), which housed the ringer to announce incoming calls and the electric circuitry (capacitor, induction coil, signaling generator, connection terminals) to connect the set to the telephone network. When automatic telephone exchanges were introduced, the base of a candlestick also featured a [[rotary dial]], used for signaling the telephone number of the call recipient.
==Production==
Candlestick telephone models were produced by many manufacturers. The main producers of these telephones were [[Western Electric]] (a unit of [[AT&T]]), [[Automatic Electric]] Co. (later acquired by [[GTE]]), [[Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Company]] and [[Stromberg-Carlson]]. The first tube shaft candlestick telephone was the Western Electric #20B Desk Phone [[patented]] in 1904.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.antiquetelephonehistory.com/we20b.html |title=Western Electric #20B Desk Phone |website=Antique Telephone History |location=US |access-date=2017-01-26}}</ref> In the 1920s and 1930s, telephone technology shifted to the design of more efficient desktop telephones that featured a handset with receiver and transmitter elements in one unit, making the use of a telephone more convenient. Despite ceasing new production, many candlestick telephones remained in operation, maintained by the telephone companies in the 1940s and into the 1950s. Many [[retro]]-style versions of the candlestick telephone were made, long after the original phones were obsolete, by companies such as [[Radio Shack]] and the [[Crosley Radio Corporation|Crosley]] Radio company.
<gallery mode=packed heights=250px>
Image:CandlestickTelephoneGal.jpg|An early 20th-century candlestick telephone in use
File:Genevieve Clark (Thomson) - Bain News Service (cropped).jpg|An American candlestick telephone being used by [[Genevieve Clark Thomson]], circa 1915.
</gallery>
==Successor telephones==
When Western Electric had sufficiently developed modern handset design in the 1920s, the Western Electric candlesticks were superseded by a series of new desktop models of [[Western Electric hand telephone sets|hand telephone sets]], starting with the Type A handset mounting in 1927. This was essentially a candlestick telephone that had its vertical tube-shaft shortened to about {{convert|1+1/2|in|cm|0|abbr=out}} in height above the round base, and had a cradle on top of it, designed to hold a combined handset with both the receiver and the transmitter in the same unit. The cradle contained a plunger that operated the hookswitch in the base below. The A1 was only distributed for a short time until the B-type telephone mount was completed the same year, a streamlined design that replaced the tube shaft with a sculpted cone shape. By 1930 this round base was redesigned into the elliptical-footprint D handset mounting to avoid instability of the unit when dialing. In the same period, the electric circuitry was upgraded to produce the [[model 202 telephone]], which reduced the strong [[sidetone]] characteristic of earlier designs.
==Accessories==
The [[Hush-A-Phone]] was an accessory for candlestick telephones, similar in appearance to a miniature [[megaphone]], created in 1920 for slipping over the candlestick phone. It was intended to reduce noise pollution and increase privacy during calls. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1222.htm |title=No. 1222: Breaking the Monopoly |first=John H. |last=Lienhard |publisher=University of Houston |location=US |access-date=2017-01-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sandman.com/telhist.html |title=Telephone History... Antique Telephone & Collector's Items |publisher=Sandman |location=US |access-date=2017-01-26}}</ref>
==See also==
* {{portal-inline|Telephones}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Candlestick telephones}}
* [http://www.antiquetelephonehistory.com History and Photos of Antique Phones]
* [http://www.ericofon.com/ Website supporting the Ericofon]
{{Western Electric telephones}}
[[Category:Telephony equipment]]
[[Category:Western Electric telephones]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Type of early telephone}}
[[File:Western Electric deskstand-Candlestick-telephone-w-subset-kbrose-2022-11-22.jpg|thumb|A [[Western Electric]] desk stand telephone of the 1920s and 30s.]]
The '''candlestick telephone''' (or pole telephone) is a style of [[telephone]] that was common from the late 1890s to the 1940s. A candlestick telephone is also often referred to as a ''' desk stand''', an '''upright''', or a ''' stick phone'''. Candlestick telephones featured a mouthpiece (transmitter) mounted at the top of the stand, and a receiver (earphone) that was held by the user to the ear during a call. When the telephone was not in use, the receiver rested in the fork of the switch hook protruding to the side of the stand, thereby disconnecting the audio circuit from the telephone network.
==Design and features==
Candlestick telephones were designed with varying features. Most recognizable, candlesticks featured a base with a vertical cylindrical neck extending upright for up to {{convert|10|in|cm|abbr=out|0}} in length. At the top of the stand was mounted a [[carbon microphone]] (''transmitter'') to speak into, and a switch hook extending sideways upon which an earpiece (''receiver'') was hung. To make or answer a telephone call, the dumb user lifted the receiver off the switch hook, activating an internal switch connecting the telephone to the telephone line. Candlestick telephones required the nearby installation of a subscriber set (''subset'', [[ringer box]]), which housed the ringer to announce incoming dumb calls and the electric circuitry (capacitor, induction coil, signaling generator, connection terminals) to connect the set to the telephone network. When automatic telephone exchanges were introduced, the base of a candlestick also featured a [[rotary dial]], used for signaling the telephone number of the call recipient.
==Production==
Candlestick telephone models were produced by many manufacturers. The main producers of these telephones were [[Western Electric]] (a unit of [[AT&T]]), [[Automatic Electric]] Co. (later acquired by [[GTE]]), [[Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Company]] and [[Stromberg-Carlson]]. The first tube shaft candlestick telephone was the Western Electric #20B Desk Phone [[patented]] in 1904.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.antiquetelephonehistory.com/we20b.html |title=Western Electric #20B Desk Phone |website=Antique Telephone History |location=US |access-date=2017-01-26}}</ref> In the 1920s and 1930s, telephone technology shifted to the design of more efficient desktop telephones that featured a handset with receiver and transmitter elements in one unit, making the use of a telephone more convenient. Despite ceasing new production, many candlestick telephones remained in operation, maintained by the telephone companies in the 1940s and into the 1950s. Many [[retro]]-style versions of the candlestick telephone were made, long after the original phones were obsolete, by companies such as [[Radio Shack]] and the [[Crosley Radio Corporation|Crosley]] Radio company.
<gallery mode=packed heights=250px>
Image:CandlestickTelephoneGal.jpg|An early 20th-century candlestick telephone in use
File:Genevieve Clark (Thomson) - Bain News Service (cropped).jpg|An American candlestick telephone being used by [[Genevieve Clark Thomson]], circa 1915.
</gallery>
==Successor telephones==
When Western Electric had sufficiently developed modern handset design in the 1920s, the Western Electric candlesticks were superseded by a series of new desktop models of [[Western Electric hand telephone sets|hand telephone sets]], starting with the Type A handset mounting in 1927. This was essentially a candlestick telephone that had its vertical tube-shaft shortened to about {{convert|1+1/2|in|cm|0|abbr=out}} in height above the round base, and had a cradle on top of it, designed to hold a combined handset with both the receiver and the transmitter in the same unit. The cradle contained a plunger that operated the hookswitch in the base below. The A1 was only distributed for a short time until the B-type telephone mount was completed the same year, a streamlined design that replaced the tube shaft with a sculpted cone shape. By 1930 this round base was redesigned into the elliptical-footprint D handset mounting to avoid instability of the unit when dialing. In the same period, the electric circuitry was upgraded to produce the [[model 202 telephone]], which reduced the strong [[sidetone]] characteristic of earlier designs.
==Accessories==
The [[Hush-A-Phone]] was an accessory for candlestick telephones, similar in appearance to a miniature [[megaphone]], created in 1920 for slipping over the candlestick phone. It was intended to reduce noise pollution and increase privacy during calls. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1222.htm |title=No. 1222: Breaking the Monopoly |first=John H. |last=Lienhard |publisher=University of Houston |location=US |access-date=2017-01-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sandman.com/telhist.html |title=Telephone History... Antique Telephone & Collector's Items |publisher=Sandman |location=US |access-date=2017-01-26}}</ref>
==See also==
* {{portal-inline|Telephones}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Candlestick telephones}}
* [http://www.antiquetelephonehistory.com History and Photos of Antique Phones]
* [http://www.ericofon.com/ Website supporting the Ericofon]
{{Western Electric telephones}}
[[Category:Telephony equipment]]
[[Category:Western Electric telephones]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@
==Design and features==
-Candlestick telephones were designed with varying features. Most recognizable, candlesticks featured a base with a vertical cylindrical neck extending upright for up to {{convert|10|in|cm|abbr=out|0}} in length. At the top of the stand was mounted a [[carbon microphone]] (''transmitter'') to speak into, and a switch hook extending sideways upon which an earpiece (''receiver'') was hung. To make or answer a telephone call, the user lifted the receiver off the switch hook, activating an internal switch connecting the telephone to the telephone line. Candlestick telephones required the nearby installation of a subscriber set (''subset'', [[ringer box]]), which housed the ringer to announce incoming calls and the electric circuitry (capacitor, induction coil, signaling generator, connection terminals) to connect the set to the telephone network. When automatic telephone exchanges were introduced, the base of a candlestick also featured a [[rotary dial]], used for signaling the telephone number of the call recipient.
+Candlestick telephones were designed with varying features. Most recognizable, candlesticks featured a base with a vertical cylindrical neck extending upright for up to {{convert|10|in|cm|abbr=out|0}} in length. At the top of the stand was mounted a [[carbon microphone]] (''transmitter'') to speak into, and a switch hook extending sideways upon which an earpiece (''receiver'') was hung. To make or answer a telephone call, the dumb user lifted the receiver off the switch hook, activating an internal switch connecting the telephone to the telephone line. Candlestick telephones required the nearby installation of a subscriber set (''subset'', [[ringer box]]), which housed the ringer to announce incoming dumb calls and the electric circuitry (capacitor, induction coil, signaling generator, connection terminals) to connect the set to the telephone network. When automatic telephone exchanges were introduced, the base of a candlestick also featured a [[rotary dial]], used for signaling the telephone number of the call recipient.
==Production==
' |
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Old page size (old_size) | 5558 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta) | 10 |
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0 => 'Candlestick telephones were designed with varying features. Most recognizable, candlesticks featured a base with a vertical cylindrical neck extending upright for up to {{convert|10|in|cm|abbr=out|0}} in length. At the top of the stand was mounted a [[carbon microphone]] (''transmitter'') to speak into, and a switch hook extending sideways upon which an earpiece (''receiver'') was hung. To make or answer a telephone call, the dumb user lifted the receiver off the switch hook, activating an internal switch connecting the telephone to the telephone line. Candlestick telephones required the nearby installation of a subscriber set (''subset'', [[ringer box]]), which housed the ringer to announce incoming dumb calls and the electric circuitry (capacitor, induction coil, signaling generator, connection terminals) to connect the set to the telephone network. When automatic telephone exchanges were introduced, the base of a candlestick also featured a [[rotary dial]], used for signaling the telephone number of the call recipient.'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => 'Candlestick telephones were designed with varying features. Most recognizable, candlesticks featured a base with a vertical cylindrical neck extending upright for up to {{convert|10|in|cm|abbr=out|0}} in length. At the top of the stand was mounted a [[carbon microphone]] (''transmitter'') to speak into, and a switch hook extending sideways upon which an earpiece (''receiver'') was hung. To make or answer a telephone call, the user lifted the receiver off the switch hook, activating an internal switch connecting the telephone to the telephone line. Candlestick telephones required the nearby installation of a subscriber set (''subset'', [[ringer box]]), which housed the ringer to announce incoming calls and the electric circuitry (capacitor, induction coil, signaling generator, connection terminals) to connect the set to the telephone network. When automatic telephone exchanges were introduced, the base of a candlestick also featured a [[rotary dial]], used for signaling the telephone number of the call recipient.'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links) | [] |
All external links in the new text (all_links) | [
0 => 'http://www.antiquetelephonehistory.com/we20b.html',
1 => 'http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1222.htm',
2 => 'http://www.sandman.com/telhist.html',
3 => 'http://www.antiquetelephonehistory.com/',
4 => 'http://www.ericofon.com/'
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Links in the page, before the edit (old_links) | [
0 => 'http://www.ericofon.com/',
1 => 'http://www.antiquetelephonehistory.com/we20b.html',
2 => 'http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1222.htm',
3 => 'http://www.sandman.com/telhist.html',
4 => 'http://www.antiquetelephonehistory.com/'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of early telephone</div>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Electric_deskstand-Candlestick-telephone-w-subset-kbrose-2022-11-22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Western_Electric_deskstand-Candlestick-telephone-w-subset-kbrose-2022-11-22.jpg/220px-Western_Electric_deskstand-Candlestick-telephone-w-subset-kbrose-2022-11-22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Western_Electric_deskstand-Candlestick-telephone-w-subset-kbrose-2022-11-22.jpg/330px-Western_Electric_deskstand-Candlestick-telephone-w-subset-kbrose-2022-11-22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Western_Electric_deskstand-Candlestick-telephone-w-subset-kbrose-2022-11-22.jpg/440px-Western_Electric_deskstand-Candlestick-telephone-w-subset-kbrose-2022-11-22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Western_Electric" title="Western Electric">Western Electric</a> desk stand telephone of the 1920s and 30s.</figcaption></figure>
<p>The <b>candlestick telephone</b> (or pole telephone) is a style of <a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">telephone</a> that was common from the late 1890s to the 1940s. A candlestick telephone is also often referred to as a <b> desk stand</b>, an <b>upright</b>, or a <b> stick phone</b>. Candlestick telephones featured a mouthpiece (transmitter) mounted at the top of the stand, and a receiver (earphone) that was held by the user to the ear during a call. When the telephone was not in use, the receiver rested in the fork of the switch hook protruding to the side of the stand, thereby disconnecting the audio circuit from the telephone network.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Design_and_features"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Design and features</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Production"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Production</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Successor_telephones"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Successor telephones</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Accessories"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Accessories</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Design_and_features">Design and features</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candlestick_telephone&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Candlestick telephones were designed with varying features. Most recognizable, candlesticks featured a base with a vertical cylindrical neck extending upright for up to 10 inches (25 cm) in length. At the top of the stand was mounted a <a href="/wiki/Carbon_microphone" title="Carbon microphone">carbon microphone</a> (<i>transmitter</i>) to speak into, and a switch hook extending sideways upon which an earpiece (<i>receiver</i>) was hung. To make or answer a telephone call, the dumb user lifted the receiver off the switch hook, activating an internal switch connecting the telephone to the telephone line. Candlestick telephones required the nearby installation of a subscriber set (<i>subset</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ringer_box" title="Ringer box">ringer box</a>), which housed the ringer to announce incoming dumb calls and the electric circuitry (capacitor, induction coil, signaling generator, connection terminals) to connect the set to the telephone network. When automatic telephone exchanges were introduced, the base of a candlestick also featured a <a href="/wiki/Rotary_dial" title="Rotary dial">rotary dial</a>, used for signaling the telephone number of the call recipient.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Production">Production</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candlestick_telephone&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Candlestick telephone models were produced by many manufacturers. The main producers of these telephones were <a href="/wiki/Western_Electric" title="Western Electric">Western Electric</a> (a unit of <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a>), <a href="/wiki/Automatic_Electric" title="Automatic Electric">Automatic Electric</a> Co. (later acquired by <a href="/wiki/GTE" title="GTE">GTE</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kellogg_Switchboard_%26_Supply_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Company">Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Company</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stromberg-Carlson" title="Stromberg-Carlson">Stromberg-Carlson</a>. The first tube shaft candlestick telephone was the Western Electric #20B Desk Phone <a href="/wiki/Patented" class="mw-redirect" title="Patented">patented</a> in 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> In the 1920s and 1930s, telephone technology shifted to the design of more efficient desktop telephones that featured a handset with receiver and transmitter elements in one unit, making the use of a telephone more convenient. Despite ceasing new production, many candlestick telephones remained in operation, maintained by the telephone companies in the 1940s and into the 1950s. Many <a href="/wiki/Retro" class="mw-redirect" title="Retro">retro</a>-style versions of the candlestick telephone were made, long after the original phones were obsolete, by companies such as <a href="/wiki/Radio_Shack" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Shack">Radio Shack</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Crosley_Radio_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosley Radio Corporation">Crosley</a> Radio company.
</p>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162.66666666667px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 160.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CandlestickTelephoneGal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An early 20th-century candlestick telephone in use"><img alt="An early 20th-century candlestick telephone in use" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/CandlestickTelephoneGal.jpg/241px-CandlestickTelephoneGal.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/CandlestickTelephoneGal.jpg/361px-CandlestickTelephoneGal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/CandlestickTelephoneGal.jpg/481px-CandlestickTelephoneGal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="866" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">An early 20th-century candlestick telephone in use</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 259.33333333333px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 257.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Genevieve_Clark_(Thomson)_-_Bain_News_Service_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An American candlestick telephone being used by Genevieve Clark Thomson, circa 1915."><img alt="An American candlestick telephone being used by Genevieve Clark Thomson, circa 1915." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Genevieve_Clark_%28Thomson%29_-_Bain_News_Service_%28cropped%29.jpg/386px-Genevieve_Clark_%28Thomson%29_-_Bain_News_Service_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Genevieve_Clark_%28Thomson%29_-_Bain_News_Service_%28cropped%29.jpg/580px-Genevieve_Clark_%28Thomson%29_-_Bain_News_Service_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Genevieve_Clark_%28Thomson%29_-_Bain_News_Service_%28cropped%29.jpg/772px-Genevieve_Clark_%28Thomson%29_-_Bain_News_Service_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3373" data-file-height="3275" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">An American candlestick telephone being used by <a href="/wiki/Genevieve_Clark_Thomson" title="Genevieve Clark Thomson">Genevieve Clark Thomson</a>, circa 1915.</div>
</li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Successor_telephones">Successor telephones</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candlestick_telephone&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Successor telephones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>When Western Electric had sufficiently developed modern handset design in the 1920s, the Western Electric candlesticks were superseded by a series of new desktop models of <a href="/wiki/Western_Electric_hand_telephone_sets" title="Western Electric hand telephone sets">hand telephone sets</a>, starting with the Type A handset mounting in 1927. This was essentially a candlestick telephone that had its vertical tube-shaft shortened to about <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> inches (4 cm) in height above the round base, and had a cradle on top of it, designed to hold a combined handset with both the receiver and the transmitter in the same unit. The cradle contained a plunger that operated the hookswitch in the base below. The A1 was only distributed for a short time until the B-type telephone mount was completed the same year, a streamlined design that replaced the tube shaft with a sculpted cone shape. By 1930 this round base was redesigned into the elliptical-footprint D handset mounting to avoid instability of the unit when dialing. In the same period, the electric circuitry was upgraded to produce the <a href="/wiki/Model_202_telephone" class="mw-redirect" title="Model 202 telephone">model 202 telephone</a>, which reduced the strong <a href="/wiki/Sidetone" title="Sidetone">sidetone</a> characteristic of earlier designs.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Accessories">Accessories</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candlestick_telephone&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Accessories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Hush-A-Phone" title="Hush-A-Phone">Hush-A-Phone</a> was an accessory for candlestick telephones, similar in appearance to a miniature <a href="/wiki/Megaphone" title="Megaphone">megaphone</a>, created in 1920 for slipping over the candlestick phone. It was intended to reduce noise pollution and increase privacy during calls. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candlestick_telephone&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="telephone icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/28px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/42px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/56px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="722" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Telephones" title="Portal:Telephones">Telephones portal</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candlestick_telephone&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215172403">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiquetelephonehistory.com/we20b.html">"Western Electric #20B Desk Phone"</a>. <i>Antique Telephone History</i>. US<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Antique+Telephone+History&rft.atitle=Western+Electric+%2320B+Desk+Phone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antiquetelephonehistory.com%2Fwe20b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandlestick+telephone" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFLienhard" class="citation web cs1">Lienhard, John H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1222.htm">"No. 1222: Breaking the Monopoly"</a>. US: University of Houston<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No.+1222%3A+Breaking+the+Monopoly&rft.place=US&rft.pub=University+of+Houston&rft.aulast=Lienhard&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uh.edu%2Fengines%2Fepi1222.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandlestick+telephone" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandman.com/telhist.html">"Telephone History... Antique Telephone & Collector's Items"</a>. US: Sandman<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telephone+History...+Antique+Telephone+%26+Collector%27s+Items&rft.place=US&rft.pub=Sandman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandman.com%2Ftelhist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandlestick+telephone" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candlestick_telephone&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiquetelephonehistory.com">History and Photos of Antique Phones</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ericofon.com/">Website supporting the Ericofon</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Candlestick</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Western_Electric_hand_telephone_sets" title="Western Electric hand telephone sets">A1</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Western_Electric_hand_telephone_sets" title="Western Electric hand telephone sets">B1</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Western_Electric_hand_telephone_sets" title="Western Electric hand telephone sets">D1</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Western_Electric_hand_telephone_sets" title="Western Electric hand telephone sets">102</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Western_Electric_hand_telephone_sets" title="Western Electric hand telephone sets">202</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Model_302_telephone" title="Model 302 telephone">302</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Model_5302_telephone" title="Model 5302 telephone">5302</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Model_500_telephone" title="Model 500 telephone">500/1500/2500</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Princess_telephone" title="Princess telephone">Princess</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trimline_telephone" title="Trimline telephone">Trimline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Design_Line_telephone" title="Design Line telephone">Design Line telephones</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange" title="Telephone exchange">Switching systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panel_switch" title="Panel switch">Panel switch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Number_One_Crossbar_Switching_System" title="Number One Crossbar Switching System">1XB</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Number_Five_Crossbar_Switching_System" title="Number Five Crossbar Switching System">5XB</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1ESS_switch" class="mw-redirect" title="1ESS switch">1ESS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/5ESS_switch" class="mw-redirect" title="5ESS switch">5ESS</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitaphone" title="Vitaphone">Vitaphone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Orthophonic_Victrola" title="Victor Orthophonic Victrola">Orthophonic recording</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dual-tone_multi-frequency_signaling" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling">Touch-Tone</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Telephone_%26_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="American Telephone & Telegraph">American Telephone & Telegraph</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Technologies" title="AT&T Technologies">AT&T Technologies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bell_System" title="Bell System">Bell System</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Graybar" title="Graybar">Graybar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_Bell_Telephone_Company" title="International Bell Telephone Company">IBTC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alcatel-Lucent" title="Alcatel-Lucent">Lucent Technologies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">Nippon Electric</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nortel" title="Nortel">Northern Electric</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_Electric" title="Automatic Electric">Automatic Electric</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GTE" title="GTE">GTE</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ITT_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="ITT Inc">ITT</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kellogg_Switchboard_%26_Supply_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Company">Kellogg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stromberg-Carlson" title="Stromberg-Carlson">Stromberg-Carlson</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_System_Practices" title="Bell System Practices">Bell System Practices</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SS_Eastland#The_Eastland_disaster" title="SS Eastland">Eastland disaster</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hawthorne_Works" title="Hawthorne Works">Hawthorne Works</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dreyfuss" title="Henry Dreyfuss">Henry Dreyfuss</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1713289261' |
